罗伊斯顿(W.H.Roysto)致孙中山函 (1912年1月1日)

(原文)

New York, U.S.A.

Jan.1st, 1912

Dr.Sun Yat Sen,

President of the Republic of China.

Dear Sir,

It is with feeling of unmixed gratification that I realize that my brother in China have at last triumphed over all obstacles and established a Republic.I believe that God is with you and helping you and that He will incline you to build a government that will be age long as its duration and bring peace, joy and prosperity to all your people.

I realize that any Chinese brothers are a peace loving people and believed that the intelligence and the habit of frugality and industry bestowed by native will enable them under a first system of government to show the nations of the earth what peace and prosperity really is and to understand that as much as poverty breed war international peace can only be success by international property.

This communication may be greatly helped by an international language and an international currency.I could therefore respectfully suggest that as our new and reforms would Republic(of China)that the present world language (English)be taught in the public schools, and that the metre system of weights and measures be adopted when would refund the use of a currency of dollars and cents.

I take pleasure be sending you under another cover a copy of my pamphlet The New Republic which so far has only had a private circulation practically,my afterthought being that better result might be obtained by an appeal to statesmen at some countries then to the people dives in an effort to promote world peace on an economic basis.I am hopeful of seeing the principles embodied whenever adopted at the coming presidential elections at the U.S.,but that being merely a year hence it may be China's opportunity to lead the world by just adopting them.The principle briefly stated are these:

1.Every individual has the right to work.

2.That every business man has the right to transact business upon equal terms with his competitor.

3.That surplus labor can be utilized only by exaction of useful public works such as drainage, road building etc.

4.That these large undertakings, can best be done under a central government and paid for under a system of taxation that should be absolutely first to all, rig a tax upon the value of all exchange of products or another words, upon all moneys received in business transactions.

5.That business can be done on equal terms only when all public service facilities, electricity, water, transportation etc.are publicly owned and freely used by all alike the operating expenses being paid from the public treasury reinsured by the system of taxation described.

6.That to minimize the need for public employment land should be free, i.e.all land not in remunerative use should be taxed 5 per acre per thousand of population (No other taxes of any kind whatever).

7.The national currency should be now fluctuating, the paper dollar issued by the government should be fixed at the value of 1/20 ounce of gold reckoning the price of gold at 20 dollars per ounce.This plan would allow the gold to fluctuate freely above or below the currency value without affecting that value, which by the payment of a Premium or a discount it could be used as the equivalent of that metal.With this fixed currency China once have none of the trouble that afflict the pure gold basis countries today, in which, on account of cheapened or mean production of gold, price freely advanced while wages tend to remain stationary causing a worldwide complaint of the high cost of living.

The adoption of a fixed currency (maintained forever at its face value by the countries resources available for the purpose through the power of taxation of all incomes received)would make the government entirely independent of the money lender either domestic or foreign.

The government would simply create and issue through its banks enough fixed value paper currency for its own regenerate.And if this is accepted at its face value in China (as it could not final to be)it would be so accepted by the rest of the world.I need not resumed you sir, that no money lender will advance money to a nation the resource of which are not ample security and if such resource be ample, that nation can, as I said before create its own money and be forever independent of all outside interests, not need I resumed you that the battleship and invading army too often follow in the tracks of the money lenders, and while this condition of reckless national indebtedness extends world peace will be impossible of realization.

Why should not the oldest of earth's civilizations, now awaked from its age lethargy, be the first to make world peace predictable by a concrete example of the attainment of national peace and earn the undying gratitude of suffering humanity.

I send these suggestions my brothers with best wishes for the attainment of all your hopes and desires for the welfare of your great nation, for the intended peace, happiness and property of all my brothers—that it may become a celestial Kingdom or rather, a celestial Republic indeed.

Most sincerely yours,

W.H.Roystone

(Box 264, New York,U.S.A.)

(译文)

美国纽约,1912年1月1日

致中华民国总统孙逸仙博士。

尊敬的先生:

我在中国的同胞终于排除万难,建立起一个共和国,这令我心中只有喜悦。我相信上帝与您同在并庇佑您。他将指引您建立起一个长期执政的政府,为您的子民带来和平、欢乐和繁荣。

我知道中国同胞热爱和平,相信凭借他们的智慧和天赋的勤劳俭朴的习惯,在一个第一流的政府治理下,必可向全球所有的国家显示什么才是真正的和平与繁荣,并明白正如贫困产生战争,只有国际繁荣才能得到国际和平。

一种国际语言和一种世界货币将大大有助于成就这一事业,我怀着敬意建议,既然我们的新政体是(中华)共和国,那么就应在公立学校教授目前的世界通行语言(英语),而且度量衡系统采用世界通行的美元、美分货币体系。

我很高兴在另一封信中寄给您一份我的小册子《新共和国》。当然这只是非公开的发行。实际上,我后来觉得获得更好结果的办法是向各国的政治家呼吁,然后向人们呼吁,致力于在经济基础之上推动世界和平。我希望看到这些原则具体化之后在美国即将来临的总统选举中被采用。然而那是一年后的事。但或许现在是中国首先采用它们去领导世界的机会。这些原则主要有:

1.每一个人均有工作之权利。

2.每一个商人有权转换其行业到其竞争者的行业。

3.剩余劳动力只能利用于建设有益的公共设施如下水道、道路建设等。

4.大型项目最好在中央政府领导之下进行,并优先通过税收系统进行支付:就所有产品交换中的价值课税,也可以说在商业交易中就所有收到的货币征税。

5.将所有的公共设施,如电、水、交通等收归公有,同时供所有人自由使用,而运转费用则从所述税收系统所获得的公共财产中支付,唯有如此,流通才能在等价交换基础上进行。

6.为尽量减少对公共就业的需求,土地应是免费的,即所有不用于营利的土地都应课税,每英亩每千人5美元(此外不再征收其他类型的税)。

7.国家货币现在应该是波动的,政府发行的纸币价值应固定为1/20盎司黄金,黄金价格按每盎司20美元计算。这方案将使黄金围绕货币面值自由地上下波动,但不影响其价值。而当高出面值或折扣支付时,它可以与黄金等值。使用这种固定通货,中国一度得以不受现今实行纯金本位制国家所面临的困扰,在这些国家,由于黄金贬值或减产,价值自由上涨,但工资往往保持不变,引起全世界抱怨生活成本过高。

采用一种固定的通货(通过对所有收入的课税权,使可以利用的国家富源永远保持其面值),会使政府完全独立于国内外的贷款者。

政府只需通过银行创造并发行足够的固定币值的纸币,让它自己再生。如果这以其面值在中国被接受的话,(由于它不可能最终如此)它将同样被世界其他国家接受。我无须提醒您没有贷款机构会向一个没有足够富源保证的国家预付资金,如果这种富源充足,这个国家就能如我说的那样创造自己的货币,永远地独立于任何外来势力。也毋须我提醒您经常被债主牵制的痛苦。而这种不计后果的国债状况蔓延,世界和平是不可能实现的。

为什么世界上最古老的文明现在不从它长久的昏睡中醒来,首先通过实现国内和平的具体的例子使世界和平可望可及,并赢得遭受苦难的人类的深深感激。

我向我的同胞提出这些建议。祝愿您伟大国家幸福和安康,祝愿我所有同胞得到想要的和平、幸福和财富。这样它或许会成为一个天上的王国,或者更确切地说,成为一个天上的共和国。

W.H.罗伊斯顿

美国纽约264号信箱