(原文)
Transportation of Grain into the Famine District
Shanghai, 11-1-1912
H.E.Sun Yat sen,President of the Republic of China,Nanking.
Dear Dr.Sun:
The following is written at the request of the Centre China Famine Relief Committee.
The Committee has voted Tls.50,000 for the immediate starting of famine relief in Kiangs north of Thing Kiang Pu—and of course much of their work, contains of buying rice and grain for the famine disaster—They contemplate buying as soon as possible 25,000 of rice—this rice will be shipped up the Grand Canal from Chingkiang or Wuhu.
In 1907 and other famine year, the Famine Committee along with the Chinese government arranged the transportation of the grain as follows:
At the Port of shipment—usually Chingkiang, the Committee delivered the rice—notifying a man delegated by the Viceroy when rice would arrive for shipment up the Canal and in what amounts.When the rice arrived, the amount and quality was checked by a Famine Committee man and the man appointed by the Viceroy—Then the Viceroy's man took charge of it and delivered it at Thing Kiang Pu or any point on the canal designated by the Famine Committee agent and at this point a famine agent took delivery of it and entered to the final distribution.The Chinese government paid the cost of its own men and the cost of transportation.On this way the work was much simplified as the government can handle this transportation much cheaper and better than the Famine Committee.
The committee requested me to ask if you would consider making of same such arrangements this year?
There would be needed a government man at:
Pukou—Wuhu—Chingkiang
Some stations north of the Huai River on the railway—and at Thing Kiang Pu—
There would need to be at least two powerful trips for the canal—
When possible, the rice needed in the district north of Thing Kiang Pu should not be transshipped at Thing Kiang Pu but continue north in the same boat to point of final delivery.
I think Chang Quen would take charge of this matter if it met with your approve.
Policing—
The parts of the famine district where relief work is being done well have to be well policed as no matter how much work is done and how much grain distributed, but a small part of the sufferers can be taken care of and some slight disturbances might occur.
Advice from local authorities as to the number of police needed can be obtained, also the rice boats when in transact needed be guarded.
Customs—
All custom and likin dues for grain going to the famine district should be remitted.This should apply, if possible, not only on grain sent by the famine committee, but upon all commercial grain delivered at the famine points—ever being taken that the tax should be remitted only on grain delivered at famine points.
All famine grain should be given some sort of custom pass, that will convey the grain from the point of shipment to point of delivery without redirection or delay at intermediate custom points.
Grain from the west of Anhui—
It would be well if all custom and likin dues could be remitted on all grain conveying down the Huai River and its tributaries west of Huai Yuan and on all grain going up Un Ko and other rivers towards the north into the famine district—or around the Hungze Lake to Thiang Kiang Pu—this remittance of custom used to apply to all grains—commercial or otherwise.
Also, there should be a strict order that no grain should be shipped south from Thing Kiang Pu.
These measures of dues etc.upon ...grain and the absolute prohibition of any exportation down the Canal south of Thing Kiang Pu will lend much to keep down the price of grain and increase the quantity in the famine district.
Of course, the most important and urgent of the above mentioned arrangements is the arrangement for the transportation—that is urgent—and whatever arrangement can be made, touching that question should be decided upon at once.
Hoping these suggested arrangements may to some extent meet with your approval.
I am,Yours faithfully,
C.D.Jameson
American Red Cross Emquier to China
(译文)
关于重新送粮食到受灾地区
上海, 1912年1月11日
致中华民国总统孙逸仙阁下,南京。
尊敬的孙博士:
下面是应华洋义赈会请求而写的。
义赈会决议通过以5万英镑拨款尽快开始在江苏北部镇江府的赈灾,他们的工作主要包括为灾区购买米和谷物。他们希望尽快购买25000英镑的大米,这米是通过大运河从清江或芜湖运来的。
1907年和另一个灾年,义赈会和中国政府共同行动,按以下方法安排粮食运输:
在运货码头——常常是清江,义赈会交付粮食——通知某个由总督指派的人粮食什么时候装运到运河上来及有多少粮食。当运达时由一位义赈会的人和那位总督委派的人检查数量和质量。然后由总督的人负责此事,在镇江府或义赈会代表所指定的运河上的任何地点进行移交,在此地再由赈灾代表接受并办理最后的发放。中国政府支付人工和运输费用。这种方式大大简化了工作。因政府能比义赈会更便宜、更妥善地处理运输问题。
委员会请求我问您能否考虑今年作同样的安排?
将需要一个政府官员在:
浦口——芜湖——清江
淮河北岸的一些火车站、镇江府
运河上至少需要两只强马力的拖船。
可能的话,镇江府以北地区所需的粮食不应该再转运。应继续在同一条船上运到最后的交接处。
如果您同意的话,我认为可由张謇负责此事。
治安——
要做好赈济工作,灾区的治安必须很好地维持。因为无论做多少工作,发放了多少粮食,都只有少数灾民能得到照料,会发生轻微的骚乱。
来自地方当局的建议:应该获得所需要的一定数目的兵力,以及运送时运粮船必须有人看守。
关卡——
免除所有运往灾区的谷物的关税和厘金。这应该实行,如果可能的话,不只是义赈会运输的谷物,包括所有在受灾地点移交的作为商品的粮食。应注意只有在灾区交货的粮食才能免税。
应该给所有赈灾的粮食一种关卡通行证,可以将粮食从装货地点到交货地点,不会在中间的口岸中发生改道和拖延。
从安徽西部来的粮食——
最好能够免除所有通过淮河及其怀远以西的支流而下的粮食的关税和厘金,所有经过涡河及其他河流北上进入灾区的,或通过洪泽湖到镇江府的粮食的关税和厘金。过去曾对所有的粮食免征无论是商业上的还是其他的关税。
此外,应该严禁粮食从镇江府往南运。
这些运送粮食的措施和绝对禁止从大运河往镇江府以南运粮将大大有助于降低粮价,提高灾区的粮食数量。
当然,上述这些安排中最重要、紧急的是安排运输,那是很紧迫的。不论就这个问题作如何的安排,应该立刻决定。
希望所建议的安排会在一定程度上得到您的赞同。
C.D.詹姆森 谨志
美国红十字会驻中国调查员