Sun Fo
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Sun Fo

Group photo of Sun Fo and Sun Yat-sen

Sun Fo (1891~1973) was the son of Sun Yat-sen, born in Cuiheng Village on Day 18 of Month 9 of Year 11 of Qing Emperor Guangxu’s reign (October 20, 1891). In Month 9 of Year 21 of Qing Emperor Guangxu’s reign (October 1895), after the Guangzhou Uprising planned by Sun Yat-sen failed, he went to Sun Mei’s house in Honolulu together with his mother. He later entered a private school run by Sun Mei’s fellow townsman Huang Ruixiang to study Chinese classics. In Year 27 of Qing Emperor Guangxu’s reign (1901), he studied at St. Anthony School. In Year 32 of Qing Emperor Guangxu’s reign (1906), he was enrolled by St. Louis College in Honolulu. In Year 2 of Qing Emperor Xuantong’s reign (1910), he joined the Chinese Revolutionary League. In the following year, he graduated from the college. In early February 1912, he was called by his father to return China, and accompanied his mother and younger sister from Shanghai to Nanjing to reunion with his father. In July 1912, he went to the U.S. for study. He was enrolled by the University of California in August 1912 and graduated in May 1916 with a bachelor’s degree in arts. In September 1916, he was enrolled by the Graduate School of Columbia University, majoring in politics, economics and wealth management, with journalism as his minor, and received a master’s degree in science. While studying in the U.S., he served as editor of The Young China Morning Paper and Mun Hey Weekly. When returning to China in 1917, he served as secretary at the Generalissimo Mansion in Guangzhou. Later, he went to the Philippines to raise military funds together with Chen Minzhong and Huang Zhanyun. He served as secretary of the Foreign Affairs Ministry in April 1918, and secretary to Lin Sen, President of the Senate in 1919, when he also set up English newspaper Guangzhou Times together with Huang Xianzhao. In February 1921, he served as Mayor of Guangzhou and also Director of the Guangdong River Regulation Office. During this period, he demolished earth god temples, and used funds from public auction for municipal construction, founded Citizen University, demolished old city walls, built roads, regulated traffic, and promoted city hygiene. In February 1923, he served as Mayor of Guangzhou again, continued to expand municipal construction, raised military funds to combat reactionary warlord Chen Jiongming, did his best to support the establishment of Huangpu Military Academy, and also participated in the reorganization of the Chinese Nationalist Party. In the autumn of 1923, he resigned from the office of Mayor of Guangzhou, and went to Shenyang to contact warlord Zhang Zuolin to combat warlords Cao Kun and Wu Peifu by order. In December of the same year, he received Sun Yat-sen in Tianjin, and went to Beijing with his father. He attended on Sun Yat-sen until his death, and was one of the witnesses of Sun Yat-sen’s will. In July 1925, he served as Mayor of Guangzhou for the third time, and also as a member of the Nationalist Government, Director-general of the Guangdong Provincial Construction Department, Head of the Organization Department of the Guangzhou Branch of the Chinese Nationalist Party, and River Regulation Director. He was elected a central executive member of the second national congress of the Chinese Nationalist Party in January 1926, and Minister of Transport of the Nationalist Government in November, an executive member of the Central Executive Committee, Head of the Youth Department, a member of the Presidium of the Central Political Committee, a member of the Military Committee, and an executive member of the Nationalist Government in March 1927 while resigning all positions in Guangdong. In September of the same year, he served as a member of the Nationalist Government, Minister of Finance and a member of the Military Committee. In 1928, he served as an executive member of the Nationalist Government, Minister of Construction, and an executive member of the Military Committee. In October of the same year, he served as Vice "President of the Examination Authority" and Minister of Railways. In 1929, he prepared for and attended Sun Yat-sen’s Grand Funeral. In January 1931, he served as President of the Executive Yuan. In the same year, he set up Prime Minister Hometown Memorial Secondary School (today’s Sun Yat-sen Memorial Secondary School) in his hometown, and presided over the foundation laying ceremony in November. In January 1933, he served as President of the Legislative Yuan. In 1936, he served as Chairman of the China-Soviet Culture Association. During 1938~1939, he visited the Soviet Union three times to negotiate anti-Japanese munitions assistance. In April 1947, he was elected Vice Chairman of the Nationalist Government and President of the Legislative Yuan. In May of the same year, he was elected the first president of the Legislative Yuan after the Constitution came into force. In August 1947, he returned to Cuiheng Village to celebrate his mother Lu Muzhen’s birthday and entertained fellow villagers. In December 1948, he served as President of the Executive Yuan. In March 1949, he resigned from the office of President of the Executive Yuan. In May of the same year, he went to Hong Kong. In the autumn of 1950, he went to Paris with his wife Chen Shuying. In 1953, he moved to the U.S. In October 1965, he moved to Taiwan. In September 1966, he served as "President of the Examination Authority" in Taiwan. On September 13, 1973, he died of heart disease in Taipei, and was buried beside the Shuangchong Brook on the Yangming Mountain. Sun Fo married Chen Shuying in Honolulu on July 22, 1912, and gave birth to sons Tse Ping Sun and Tse Keong Sun, and daughters Pearl Sun Lin and Rose Sun Tchang. His wrote Urban Planning, Introduction to Advertising Psychology, Measures for Local Autonomy Implementation, The Future of China, Selected Remarks of Sun Fo, Collected Works of Sun Fo, A Brief Account of 80 Years, and A Recall of Guangzhou’s Municipal Construction, and translated Public Welfare and Governance by Lowell.

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